I recommend it
The official website of the Parazitol

Parasites in the human body

The enemy, as they say, "must know by sight. "You need to understand who we're dealing with. Illiteracy on this issue does not give a discount. We arm ourselves with information that can be used in practice, for our health, that does not allow the slightest chance for some parasites to ruin our precious lives.

Parasites - Who Are They?

Parasites(from the Greek parasite - parasite, parasite) - lower-level plant and animal organisms that live outside or inside another organism (host) and feed on. Parasites live in our bodies during their parallel lives, feeding on our energy, cells, and food, including the health products we consume.

There are parasites that spend their entire lives in the body of the host or only a part of it; they receive food and shelter from him without causing visible damage to his host’s body.

Certain parasites irritate the host and affect its functions; others destroy the tissues of the host and release specific toxins that cause poor health and the development of various diseases in the host.The human bodycan be parasitized by a variety of species: fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and worms.

parasitesgo through a complex developmental cycle during their lifetime: there are those who need to change several hosts within which the parasite undergoes an intermediate development (the so-called larval developmental stagehelminth worms). >). In the body of the last host, helminth becomes sexually mature and becomes as dangerous as possible.

Parasites are classified as follows:

  • mushrooms
  • viruses
  • simplest parasites
  • helminths (worms, worms)
  • crustacean parasites
  • arachnid parasites
  • insects (especially bloodsuckers)

1. Mushrooms.

Thesemicroorganisms, which infect the human body, can settle on both the surface of the skin and the mucous membranes of internal organs. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi are calledmycoses. There aremycoses of the skin and nails(dermatomycosis) as well as mycoses of the internal organs. Animals are also sensitive to the results of fungal activity - they can get poisoned in the body due to poisoning with fungal poisons that affect the feed of plants (mycotoxicosis). There are different types of mycoses, some just get sick or just animals, other types of people get infected from animals. Disease-causing fungi cause fungal diseases that are considered infectious diseases.
There are hundreds ofmushroom types, two of which are particularly dangerous to humans. The first type of fungus -cryptococcus(Cryptococcus neoformans) - causes meningitis (inflammation of the membrane of the brain and spinal cord). Typically, this cryptococcus spreads in the feces of birds and is found on fruits, vegetables, animal milk, and soil. The second type of fungus -candida(candida albicans) - is a diaper rash, mucosal candidiasis, balanitis, thrush, mycosis, onyxis (nail damage), lip pain, paronychia, fungal mycosis, toe mycosis.Mushrooms love sweets, they feed mainly on sugar and starch, but just like any living organism, they need amino acids, vitamins and minerals. THE
mushroomsa separate civilization, its own parallel world. They can withstand temperatures between -150 and + 150 degrees and cannot be frozen or destroyed. There is a view in scientific circles that mushrooms are the main terrestrial civilization and they use everything around them for their own purposes (and for us humans as well). The fungus is a white, odorless, cheesy discharge from the nose, mouth, wound, urethra, etc.fungushas a white coating on the tongue, baldness and dandruff, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis. If there are white deposits on the tonsils, it is a fungal sore throat. The mushroom does not hurt, itchy. The fungus is everything that peels, peels, falls, cracks, rises above the skin, becomes stained, covers the scalp. Fungal diseases have no acute stage, only chronic.

2. Viruses.

virusesare non-cellular organisms, microparticles made up of nucleic acids - carriers of genetic information (RNA and / or DNA), covered outside with a protein membrane. Viruses can infect any living organism. Thevirustranslated from Latin (virus) is a poison. Viruses cannot be attributed to animals or plants. They are very small and can only be examined with an electron microscope. Viruses can only live and develop in the cells of other organisms. Viruses cannot live outside the cells of living organisms, and many of them behave like chemicals in the external environment, in the form of crystals. Once established in the cells of animals and plants, viruses cause a number of dangerous diseases. Human viral diseases includeherpes, measles, influenza, HIV, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, smallpox.

3. The simplest parasites.

Parasitic protozoa-amoeba, lamblia, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, as well as plasmodia of malaria, leishmania, trypanomas. Among the parasitic protozoa, the pathogens of the most dangerous diseases of animals and humans are known, especially in the tropics (Malaria, Dysentery). Plasmodium malaria infects human red blood cells, leading to severe fever and fatal seizures during the mass proliferation phase. Flagellate trypanosomes and leishmaniasis are primarily tropical species that, when fed to animal tissues, cause ulcers, malaise, and in some cases death. Living in the gut, the rhizome of Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen of chronic amoebic dysentery, which can penetrate other tissues and kill the host. Giardia lamblia intestinal parasite causes severe diarrhea (giardiasis). This species is found in subtropical and tropical regions in rivers and lakes contaminated with human feces. Some parasites, such as Pneumocystis carinii, which causes pneumonia, may be closer to fungi than other protozoa.

4. Helm samples (worms, worms)

More than 70 worm types are registered, of which the following types of helminths are more common:

  • roundworms (nematodes)- roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, trichinella, toxocara;
  • tapeworms (cestodes)- porcine and bovine tapeworms, dwarf tapeworm, echinococcus, alveococcus, broad tapeworm;
  • flatworms (trematodes)- opisthorchiasis (felines), liver rupture, Chinese fluke, lung foliage.

Some of these parasitic helminths are ubiquitous, while others are more common in some areas. For example:

  • pinworms and roundwormscan be found all over the world;
  • Whipworm- found everywhere, especially in hot and humid regions of tropical, subtropical and temperate climates.
  • Trichinella- Belarus, Ukraine.
  • porcine tapeworm- recorded everywhere, more commonly found in Belarus and Ukraine.
  • bull tapeworm- found everywhere. Especially in Transcaucasia and Central Asia.
  • Dwarf tapeworm- Occurs everywhere, especially in dry and hot climates.
  • wide tapeworm- usually chooses habitats in areas with a lot of freshwater bodies. It is constantly present in the Baltics, Kazakhstan.
  • opisthorchiasis(cat bite) - the most intense foci are recorded in Kazakhstan.
  • Liver beetle- ubiquitous. Outbreaks have been reported in the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Baltics.
  • echinococcosis, alveococcosis- in Moldova, in the southern part of Ukraine, in the Caucasus.

There are more than one and a half hundred species of these parasites, but the most common is "only" about 35 species. Depending on the location of the parasites in the human body, these diseases are classified into tissue and luminal classes.

Tissue parasites.

If parasites and their larvae are present in the tissues of the human body, move freely through the circulatory or lymphatic tissues under the skin, such a disease is called a tissue disease (schistosomiasis, echinococcosis).

Transparent parasites.

If parasites are localized in the intestines or other internal cavities of the human body, such a disease is luminal (tapeworms, roundworms).

Parasites are also distinguished by the specific location (habitat) of individuals as their hosts.

External parasites.

This species parasites directly on the skin of the human body, does not live inside the host, but is used only during their feeding (mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, lice, horsehair, horns, leeches). . .

Internal parasites (helminths, worms, bacteria, fungi).

The classification of these types of parasites is as follows:

  • Flatworms (trematodes)are bilaterally symmetrical free-living or parasitic organisms. The length of the trematodes ranges from 0. 1 mm to several meters, the body structure is mostly flattened, oval or more or less elongated; in parasitic forms it is equipped with organs attached to the "host", suckers, nose, hooks, etc. Representatives of flatworms are turbellaria or ciliates; opisthorchiasis (cat rash), planaria, hepatic flocculation, clonorchus, fasciola, schistosoma, pulmonary fluke.
  • Roundworms (nematodes), free-living parasites in this class live in saltwater and freshwater bodies and soils. In most cases, they are small in size, even microscopic, but there are also quite large ones among the parasites that are more than seven meters long (the helminth of cetaceans). The most common representatives of roundworms in human parasites are roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, filaria, strongyloids, hookworms, trichinella, toxocara, rishta.
  • Tapeworms (cestodes, tapeworms),This class of helminths is characterized by a characteristic long ribbon-like body (from a fraction of a few millimeters to several tens of meters). Cestodes - ribbon-like, elongated worms consisting of head, neck and individual segments can be distinguished by huge fertility (some species can produce up to 600 million eggs per year) - swine and bovine tapeworms, dwarf tapeworms - cyclophillid detachment; echinococcus, alveococcus, tapeworm, sheep.
  • Bacteriosis. Bacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by various bacteria and parasites.
    Bacteriosis is a fairly common diagnosis worldwide. Some bacteria are caused by one type of bacteria, others by several types of bacteria. Representatives of this class of parasites: - leptospira, staphylococcus, streptococcus, shigella.
  • Mycoses- diseases caused by parasitic fungi. More than 350 species of pathogenic fungi have been identified that parasitize humans, domestic and wild animals, birds, insects, amphibians, fish, and plants. The most famous pathogens of mycoses are candida, cryptococcus, penicillium.
  • Protozoa or protozoan parasitesare unicellular organisms that have a heterotrophic type of diet, that is, they are unable to produce the organic matter necessary for their vital activities from inorganic materials. As a consequence, they need organic matter produced by other organisms (amoeba, lamblia, coccidia, Trichomonas).

Sad facts about worms and other parasites:

  • Chronic, including oncological diseases80% of cases are caused by parasites (worms, fungi, protozoa).
  • The causative agent of opisthorchiasisbelongs to the first group of carcinogens (causes cancer), according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
  • The number one biological enemy of man is Trichomonas.The formation of colonies on the walls of blood vessels, Trichomonas, leads to the development of atherosclerosis, with all its consequences.
  • 1989 - A property of Trichomonas is discovered that makes ordinary cells malignant.
  • Parasitic diseases around the worldaffect more than 4. 5 billion people, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 9 out of 10 cases are worms.Every third inhabitant in Europe is affected by parasites (including worms)!

The incidence of parasitosis is comparable to that of influenza.

So parasites can enter the human body in several ways:

  • Nutrition - lack of personal hygiene(with contaminated food, water, dirty hands);
  • Contact household - creating external conditions for the active development of parasites(through household items, from infected family members, pets);
  • Infectious - no precautions(via blood-sucking insects);
  • Percutaneous or active - non-compliance with safety precautions(when the larva of the parasite enters the skin or mucous membranes of the human body in contact with contaminated soil by swimming in open water).